Warming up and cooling down
Before you start exercising, you need to warm up your muscles. Warm up your muscles before stretching them. You can warm up by walking at an easy pace before stretching. Then stretch by starting at the top of your body and working your way down. Slowly stretch your calf, quad, groin, and hamstring muscles. Warming up can also include jogging slowly, doing knee lifts, and arm circles.
Don’t forget to cool down and stretch after exercising, too! This helps the body return to its normal state after vigorous exercise. Cool-downs help your heart rate return to normal and can help prevent your muscles from feeling stiff after a workout.
Important exercise safety tips
- See your doctor before getting involved in a sport
- Don’t exercise when it’s really hot and humid outside. You don’t want your body to overheat or get dehydrated. If it’s very hot or humid outside, try moving your exercise indoors that day. Also, if you live in an area with high air pollution, exercise early in the day or at night and avoid congested streets and rush hour traffic.
- Drink water before, during, and after exercise
- Make sure you warm up and stretch your muscles for 5 minutes before and after workouts to make your muscles more flexible. It is easier to get hurt if your muscles are not stretched. It’s also important to increase the intensity of your workout gradually. If you exercise intensely right away, you could risk getting hurt
- See a doctor if: 1) You are in severe pain, 2) you see swelling around where you got hurt, or 3) The pain gets in the way of sleep and activities. Don’t jump back to your regular exercise after getting hurt because you could get hurt again. Follow your doctor’s orders for how to care for your injury and when you can be active again. This includes following instructions for use of pain medicine.
- Follow the rules of the game! The rules are there, in part, to keep you safe.
Using the right equipment
When you exercise or play sports, it is important to use the right safety equipment.
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Helmets are needed for sports such as baseball, softball, biking, snow skiing, and rollerblading. Make sure you wear the right helmet for the sport you are playing and that it fits well. Also make sure that the helmet you wear for biking has a sticker from the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), which means that it is safe for this activity. |
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Mouth guards protect your mouth, teeth, and tongue. You should wear a guard if there’s a chance you could get hit in the head while taking part in activities such as volleyball, basketball, or martial arts. You can find mouth guards at sport stores or your dentist. It will also help keep your mouth safe to take out your retainer. |
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Special eye protection is needed for sports such as ice hockey, soccer, and basketball. Goggles and face masks should fit snugly and have cushion for a comfortable fit. If you wear glasses, you need to get fitted for guards that fit over your glasses. You could also buy special prescription goggles, which cost about $60 or more. These guards and goggles are made with a special plastic called polycarbonate (say: pahl-ee-kar-buh-nayt). This special plastic will not hurt your eyes. |
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It is important to wear the right footwear for your sport. Check with your coach or an athletic shoe salesperson about what shoes to wear. |
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Wrist, knee, and elbow pads can help prevent broken bones when you are inline skating/rollerblading, skate or snow boarding, or playing sports such as hockey. |
Knee injuries
It’s fairly common for teens to develop knee injuries, especially if you’re very active in sports. If your knee hurts so much that it affects your usual routine, you can’t put weight on it, or is red or swollen, you should see a doctor.
You can help prevent knee injuries by:
- Wearing the correct protective equipment for your sport (for example, knee pads and shin guards)
- Warming up and cooling down before exercise
- Stretching regularly
- Bending your knees when you land from a jump
- Using correct technique for your sport, like cutting and pivoting






